All the Question are based on the pattern Singleton Pattern, Command Pattern, Adapter Pattern, Facade Pattern, Iterator Pattern, Composite Pattern, State Pattern, Proxy Pattern & Compound Pattern.
Question 1
You are building an expense dashboard app (like your CashFlow project).
The application needs one shared database connection so that:
- All modules use the same connection
- Creating multiple connections would waste memory and slow the system
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Singleton
Explanation:
A database connection is a classic Singleton use case because:
- Only one instance is needed across the application
- It provides a global access point
- Prevents unnecessary memory usage and connection overhead
Question 2
You are designing a remote control app for smart home devices.
Each button can:
- Turn lights ON/OFF
- Open/close curtains
- Start the fan
You also want to support Undo functionality. Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Command
Explanation: The Command Pattern encapsulates each action as an object.
This allows:
- Storing commands
- Undoing operations
- Decoupling the invoker (remote) from receivers (devices)
Question 3
You are integrating a payment gateway into an e-commerce system.
Your system expects a standard payment interface, but the new gateway provides a different API that cannot be changed.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Adapter
Explanation: The Adapter Pattern converts one interface into another expected by the client.
It allows integration of incompatible systems without modifying existing code.
Question 4
You are building a movie streaming app.
Playing a movie involves:
- Authentication
- Loading subtitles
- Initializing decoder
- Buffering video
You want a simple method like:
playMovie()
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Facade
Explanation: The Facade Pattern provides a simplified interface to a complex subsystem, hiding internal operations from the user.
Question 5
You are developing a music playlist app.
Users should move through songs without knowing whether songs are stored in arrays, lists, or databases.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Iterator
Explanation: The Iterator Pattern provides a standard way to traverse a collection without exposing its internal structure.
Question 6
You are building a file explorer system where:
- A folder can contain files and other folders
- Operations like
delete()orshowSize()should work uniformly
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Composite
Explanation: The Composite Pattern allows treating individual objects and groups uniformly in tree structures.
Question 7
You are designing a document editor where documents can be:
- Draft
- Review
- Published
Each state changes editing behavior.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: State
Explanation: The State Pattern allows behavior to change dynamically based on the object’s internal state.
Question 8
You are developing an image viewer where large images should load only when opened, while placeholders are shown initially.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Proxy
Explanation: A Virtual Proxy delays object creation until needed, improving performance and memory usage.
Question 9
You are integrating a complex third-party payment library and create a simple class exposing only a few methods like startPayment() and verifyPayment().
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Facade
Explanation: The Facade Pattern simplifies interaction with complex subsystems by providing a unified interface.
Question 10
You are building a text editor that supports:
- Copy
- Paste
- Cut
- Undo / Redo
Operations must be stored and reversible.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Command
Explanation: Commands encapsulate operations as objects, enabling undo/redo and history tracking.
Question 11
You are designing a company organizational hierarchy where:
- Managers contain employees
- Employees and managers should be treated uniformly
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Composite
Explanation: Composite models hierarchical structures and allows uniform treatment of individuals and groups.
Question 12
A banking system performs authentication and validation before forwarding requests to the real transfer service.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Proxy
Explanation: A Protection Proxy controls access to another object by performing checks before forwarding requests.
Question 13
You are designing a vending machine where behavior changes depending on:
- Coin inserted
- Item selected
- Item dispensed
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: State
Explanation: Each state defines behavior, eliminating large conditional logic and making transitions easier.
Question 14
Your application expects a logging interface, but a legacy logging system has a different method signature.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Adapter
Explanation: Adapter translates one interface into another compatible interface without modifying existing systems.
Question 15
You are building a graphics editor where:
- Shapes can be individual or grouped
- Calling
draw()should work for both
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Composite
Explanation: Composite allows treating single objects and groups uniformly in tree structures.
Question 16
A library management system stores books in multiple structures but must allow uniform traversal.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Iterator
Explanation: Iterator enables traversal without exposing internal storage details.
Question 17
You are designing a configuration manager that must:
- Load configuration once
- Share it globally
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Singleton
Explanation: Singleton ensures a single shared instance and controlled access.
Question 18
A video streaming platform uses a local cache server that decides whether to fetch from cache or the main server.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Proxy
Explanation: A caching proxy controls access and improves performance by serving cached content.
Question 19
A smart home system combines:
- Command for actions
- Composite for device groups
- Iterator for traversal
- Facade for simplified control
What is this approach called?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: Compound Pattern
Explanation: Compound patterns combine multiple design patterns to solve complex design problems.
Question 20
A game character system has states like:
- Standing
- Running
- Jumping
- Attacking
Behavior changes dynamically with state.
Which design pattern is most appropriate here, and why?
Answer and Explanation
Pattern: State
Explanation: The State Pattern encapsulates state-specific behavior into separate classes and enables dynamic transitions.